Roman Emperors

H I S T O R Y R E S O U R C E S

Roman Emperors
(27 BC-491 AD)

Julio-Claudians
Augustus ("Octavian") 27 BC-14 AD
Tiberius 14-37
Gaius ("Caligula") 37-41
Claudius 41-54
Nero 54-68

Year of the Four Emperors
Galba 68-9
Otho 69
Vitellius 69
Vespasian 69-79

Flavians
Vespasian 69-79
Titus 79-81
Domitian 81-96
Nerva 96-8
Trajan 98-117
Hadrian 117-38

Antonines
Antoninus Pius 138-61
Marcus Aurelius 161-80
Lucius Verus 161-9
Commodus 180-92
Pertinax 193
Didius Julianus 193

Severans and their rivals
Septimius Severus 193-211
Pescennius Niger 193-4
Clodius Albinus 193-7
Caracalla 211-7
Geta 211-2
Macrinus 217-8
Elagabalus 218-22
Severus Alexander 222-35
Maximinus ("Thrax") 235-8
Gordian I 238
Gordian II 238
Pupienus 238
Balbinus 238
Gordian III 238-44
Philip I ("the Arab") 244-9
Pacatian 248
Jotapian 249
Decius 249-51
Gallus 251-3
Aemilian 253
Valerian 253-9/60
Gallienus 253-68
Macrianus 260-1
Quietus 260-1
Regalianus 260-1
Aemilianus ("Aegippius")
Aurelous 267-8
Laelianus 268

Gallic Empire
Postumus 260-9
Marius 268
Victorinus 269-71
Tetricus 271-3
Claudius II ("Gothicus") 268-9/70
Quintillus 269/70
Aurelian 269/70-5
Domitian II 270/5
Vaballathus 270-1
Tacitus 275-6
Florian 276
Probus 276-82
Saturninus 280
Carus 282-3
Julian I 283
Carinus 283-5 (caesar 282-3)
Numerian 283-4

The Tetrarchy
Diocletian 284-305
Maximian 286-305, 307-8
Constantius I ("Chlorus," caesar 293-305)
Galerius 305-11 (caesar 293-305)
Carausius 287-93 (in Britain and Gaul)
Allectus 293-6 (in Britain and Gaul)
Domitius Domitianus 297 (in Egypt)
Flavius Severus 306-7 (caesar 305-6)
Maximin Daia 309-13
Maxentius 307/8-12
Alexander 308-8/10 (in Africa)
Licinius 308-24
Valens I 316

House of Constantius and their rivals
Constantius I (Augustus 305-6)
Constantine I ("the Great") 306-37
Constantine II 337-40
Constans 337-50
Constantius II 337-61
Nepotian 350
Vetranio 350
Magnentius 350-3
Silvanus 355 (in Gaul)
Julian II ("the Apostate") 360-3 (caesar 355-60)
Jovian 363-4

House of Valentinian and their rivals
Valentinian I 364-75
Valens 364-78
Procopius 365-6
Gratian 375-83
Valentinian II 375-92

House of Theodosius and their rivals
Theodosius I ("the Great") 379-95
Magnus Maximus 383-8
Eugenius 392-4

Emperors In the West
Honorius 395-423
Marcus 406 (in Britain)
Gratian 407 (in Britain)
Constantine III 407-11
Maximus 409-11 (in Spain)
Jovinus 411-3 (in Gaul)
Johannes (John) 411-3
Constantius III (Flavius Constantius) 421
Valentinian III 425-55
Petronius Maximus 455
Avitus 455-6
Majorian 457-61
Libius Severus 461-5
Anthemius 467-72
Olybrius 472
Glycerius 473
Julius Nepos 473-80
Romulus ("Augustulus") 475-6

Emperors In the East
Arcadius 395-408
Theodosius II 408-50
Marcian 450-7
Leo I 457-74
Leo II 474
Zeno 474-91