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Timeline of Queen Elizabeth's Life
by Heather Thomas
1533
25th January - Henry marries Anne Boleyn
1 June - Anne Boleyn's Coronation
1 July - Henry VIII is excommunicated
7th September - Elizabeth is born
10 September - Elizabeth is given a magnificent christening at Greenwich
25 November - Henry Fitzroy, Henry VIII's illegitimate son, married Mary Howard
1534
16 March - Final severance of England from Rome
11 May - Henry VIII makes peace with Scotland
25 September - Pope Clement VII dies. Pope Paul III succeeds
1535
6th June - Thomas More is executed, aged 57
Other Events -
The first Bible printed in English is dedicated to Henry VIII, but is printed abroad
1536
7 January - Death of Catherine of Aragon
29 January - Anne Boleyn gives birth to a still-born son
19 May - Execution of Anne Boleyn
30 May - Henry marries Jane Seymour
1 July - Both Mary and Elizabeth are declared illegitimate by Parliament
12 July - Erasmus dies in Freiburg, aged 69
22 July - Death of Henry Fitzroy
6 October -William Tyndale is condemned for heresy at Vilvorde Castle near Brussels and strangled
9 October - Beginning of the Pilgrimage of Grace
Other Events -
Dissolution of the monasteries
1537
12 October - The birth of Prince Edward, the "boy King" Edward VI
15 October - Edward VI is christened
24 October - Death of Jane Seymour, Edward's mother
1538
James V of Scotland marries the French Mary of Guise
Execution of Henry Pole
1539
Treaty of Toledo, ends conflict between Francis I and Charles V
1540
6 January - Henry marries Anne of Cleves. The marriage is soon annulled
28 July - Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard, Anne Boleyn's cousin
28 July - Thomas Cromwell is executed
1541
Henry VIII assumes title of King of Ireland, and "Head of the Church in Ireland"
18 October - Death of Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor
9 November - Katherine Howard is sent to the Tower of London
1542
13th February - Catherine Howard is executed on charges of adultery
25th November - Battle of Soloway: English victory over invading Scottish Army
8 December - Birth of Mary, soon to be Mary, Queen of Scots
14 December - James V of Scotland dies
1543
24 May - Copernicus dies aged 70
12 July - Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr
20 November - Hans Holbein dies
Other Events -
Mary, Queen of Scots, goes to live in France
First burning of Protestants by the Spanish Inquisition
1544
War with France
Treaty of Crespy-en-Valois, ending two year conflict between Charles V and Francis I
1545
The Council of Trent opens in an attempt to meet the challenge to Catholicism posed by the new Protestant religion
Henry VIII's flag ship, The Mary Rose, sinks just off the coast of Portsmouth
1546
18 February - Martin Luther dies where he was born, at Eisleben, aged 63
7 June - Peace of Ardres, ending two years of conflict between Henry VIII and Francis I
1547
16 January - Ivan IV has himself crowned Tsar of Russia (first use of the title in Russian history)
28 January - The death of Henry VIII, aged 55. Edward becomes King at the age of only nine
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, becomes protector of England as Edward is too young to rule all by himself
20 February - Edward is crowned King of England
3 March - Francis I dies aged 52
1548
1 April - Sigismund I of Poland dies, aged 81. Succeeded by Sigismund II
5 September - Katherine Parr dies
1549
20 March - Execution of Thomas Seymour, Edward Seymour's brother, for treason. His execution brings disgrace upon Edward Seymour, and he is replaced as Protector by John Dudley
Other Events -
War with France
Kett's rebellion
Act of Uniformity
1550
Treaty of Boulogne
4 June - Robert Dudley married Amy Robsart. Princess Elizabeth was among the guests
1551
Council of Trent session II
Renewal of war between France and Charles V
1552
22 January - Execution of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset
1553
6 July - Death Edward VI
21 May - The arranged marriage of Lady Jane Grey and Guildford Dudley took place
10 July - Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen
20 July - Mary Tudor proclaimed Queen
3 August - Mary rode in triumph into London, her half -sister Elizabeth with her
30 October - Coronation of Mary I
1554
Thomas Wyatt's rebellion
12 February - Execution of Lady Jane Grey and her husband Guildford Dudley
18 March - Elizabeth is sent to the Tower for supposed complicity with Wyatt and his followers
11 April - Execution of Sir Thomas Wyatt
19 May - Elizabeth is taken from the Tower to be closely confined at Woodstock Manor, Oxfordshire
25 July - Queen Mary marries Philip II
30 November - Sir Philip Sidney is born
1555
The famous burning of Protestants by Mary I begins
16 October - Bishops Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley are burned at the stake at Oxford
Elizabeth is released from Woodstock after a year's captivity, and allowed to return to her childhood home of Hatfield
23 March - Pope Julius III dies
30 April - Pope Marcellus dies, aged 52, succeeded by Pope Paul IV
25 October - Charles V hands over his imperial position to his brother Ferdinand, and his sovereignty of the Netherlands to his son, Philip
1556
24 January - A massive earthquake kills 850,000 people in China
21 March - Archbishop Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake
1557
6 June - Joao of Portugal dies on his 55th birthday and is succeeded by his three year old grandson, Sebastian
7 July - Mary Tudor declares war on France in support of her husband
16 July - Death of Anne of Cleves
10 August - Battle of St Quintin: Spanish forces defeat the French
1558
7 January - England's last dominion in France, Calais, is lost to the French
17 November - Queen Mary dies. Elizabeth becomes Queen
21 September - Charles V dies, aged 58
24 April - Mary Queen of Scots marries Francis, heir to the French throne
14 December - Mary I is buried at Westminster
1559
15 January - Coronation of Elizabeth I
2 May - John Knox returns to Scotland
8 May - Elizabeth's Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity are passed, implementing the Elizabethan religious Settlement
10 May - John Knox incites the Scottish Lords of the Congregation to rise against the regency of Mary Queen of Scots mother. They seize Edinburgh, destroy religious houses, and subsequently approach Elizabeth I for aid in their cause
3 April - The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis which brings peace with France
20 June - Henry II is seriously injured in a jousting tournament
10 July - Henry II dies. His son, Francis, becomes King. Mary Queen of Scots declares herself Queen of England
18 August - Pope Paul IV dies aged 83
21 October - Scottish Lords depose Mary of Guise, for not preventing the French fortifying Leith
18 December - Elizabeth I sends aid to the Scottish Lords by land and sea
1560
6 July - Peace with Scotland in The Treaty of Edinburgh. Mary's claims to the throne of England are annulled, but Mary refuses to ratify the treaty
25 June - Gustavus I of Sweden dies, aged 64, and is succeeded by his son Charles IX
8 September - Robert Dudley's wife, Amy Dudley (or Robsart as she is also known) is found dead in mysterious circumstances
5 December - The death of Mary, Queen of Scots' husband, Francis, King of France. Charles IX becomes King, with Catherine de Medici as Regent
1561
19 August - Mary, Queen of Scots returns to Scotland
O'Neill's rebellion in Ireland
1562
Council of Trent session III
Elizabeth's secret Treaty of Richmond, with French Huguenots
26 May - Shane O' Neill leads a second rebellion in Ireland
1 March - The Duc de Guise orders a massacre of Huguenots at Vassay, which begins the wars of religion in France
22 September - Elizabeth signs the Treaty of Hampton Court, which gives assistance to the French Huguenots
October - Elizabeth is seriously ill with small pox
1563
The Thirty Nine Articles are issued, which define the Anglican faith
John Foxe's "Acts and Monuments" or as it is better known, "Book of Martyrs," is published
Plague in London
1564
6 February - Birth of Christopher Marlowe
8 February - Michaelangelo Buonarroti dies in Rome age 88
15 February - astronomer Galileo dies
11 April - Peace of Troyes : Peace between England and France. England renounces claim to Calais, on payment by French of 222,000 crowns
23 April - Reputed birth of William Shakespeare
27 May - John Calvin dies in Geneva
25 July - Maximilian II succeeds as Holy Roman Emperor, as King of Austria, Bohemia and Hungary on death of Ferdinand I. Rest of Hapsburg dominions pass to the Archduke Charles
1565
29 July - Mary Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
Other Events -
Kat Ashley, Elizabeth's old governess, dies
Sir John Hawkins introduces Tobacco to England
1566
9 March -The murder of David Rizzio by Darnley and his friends
19 June - James VI (and later I of England) is born
10 November - Robert Devereux, the future Earl of Essex
1567
10 February - Darnley is murdered at Kirk O Field, Scotland
24 April - Mary Queen of Cots is "abducted" by James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell
15 May Mary, Queen of Scots, marries James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, after his marriage is annulled
2 June, Shane O Neill, Earl of Tyrone, is assassinated
24 July - Mary is forced to abdicate. Mary's son, James, is proclaimed King of Scotland
29 September - Huguenot conspiracy of Meaux to capture Charles IX provokes the second phase of the wars of religion in France
6 October - Margaret of Parma resigns the regency of the Netherlands. The Duke of Alva takes complete command
1568
23 March - Treaty of Longjumean ends second phase of French wars of religion
2 May - Mary Queen of Scots escapes from Lochleven
16 May - Mary takes refuge in England. But her relief is short lived, as she is imprisoned
23 May - William of Orange defeats a Spanish force at Heiligerlee. This marks the beginning of the Revolt of the Netherlands
30 September - Eric XIV is depose as he has shown signs of mental illness, and replaced by his brother John III
Other Events -
The first Eisteddfod for Welsh music and Literature is held at Caerwys
The English Catholic College of Douai founded by William Allen
Elizabeth seizes the treasure of a Spanish fleet driven into Plymouth
1569
9 November - The Northern Rebellion against Elizabeth breaks out
1570
20 February - Northern Rebellion finally defeated completely
23 January - James Stewart, Earl of Moray, (Mary Queen of Scots' half brother and Regent in Scotland for her son) is assassinated
25 February - Elizabeth is excommunicated by the Pope. (The Papal Bull)
8 August - The Peace of Germain-en-Laye ends the third period of the French wars of religion
Other Events -
Potato is introduced to Europe from Spanish America
1571
23 January - The Royal exchange is opened
The Ridolfi plot to assassinate Elizabeth
7 October - The Battle of Lepanto in which the great Ottomans that had been threatening east Christendom over the past century, are defeated
1572
16 January - Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for conspiracy in the Ridolfi Plot
22-24 August - The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve, in which over 6,000 French Protestants are murdered. Provokes the fourth phase of the French wars of religion
2 June - Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk becomes the first nobleman of Elizabeth's reign to be executed for treason
1573
11 May - Poland elects its first King, choosing Henri of Valois. The election was paid for by Catherine de Medici
6 July - Peace of Boluogne, ends fourth phase of the French wars of religion
1574
23 February - fifth period of the French wars of religion breaks out
30 May - Charles IX dies, aged 24. He is succeeded by Henry III, who abandons the throne of Poland, and returns to France. Poland is left without a king
Richard Burbage opens the first Theater in England, simply called "The Theater"
12 December - Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies after injuring himself by falling in his bath. His son, Murad III becomes Sultan, and has his brothers strangled in his presence
1575
14 November - Elizabeth refuses the sovereignty of the Netherlands
14 December - Stephen Bathroy, Prince of Transylvania, is elected the new King of Poland
Other Events
Elizabeth visits Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, at Kenilworth, amidst spectacular entertainments
1576
6 May - Peace of Monsieur ends fifth phase of the French wars of religion
12 October - Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II dies, aged 49, and is succeeded by his son, Rudolf
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1577
17 August - The Peace of Bergerac ends the sixth phase of the French Wars of Religion
13 December - Sir Francis Drake sets out on the first English voyage around the world
1578
12 March - James VI takes over the reigns of government in Scotland, the Earl of Morton resigning the Regency
4 August - Sebastian I of Portugal is killed in a battle in north-west Africa. He is succeeded by Cardinal Henry
1 October - Don John of Austria dies of fever
1579
Rebellion in Ireland
Simier comes to England in an attempt to negotiate a marriage between Elizabeth and Alencon
1580
5 June - Proclamation to restrict the growth of London
25 August - Philip of Spain invades Portugal, defeat the Portuguese army, and Philip is proclaimed
King of Portugal as Philip I
26 September - Drake enters Plymouth Harbor after having circumnavigated the globe
26 November - Peace of Fleix ends seventh phase of the French wars of religion
Other Events -
Death of the famous architect Palladio
Jesuit missionaries arrive in England
1581
4 April - Francis Drake is knighted
Francis, Duke of Alencon, himself comes to England to further the negotioations for the Queen's hand in marriage
1 December - English Jesuit Edmund Campion is executed
7-11 November - Marriage treaty is signed between Elizabeth and Alencon
1582
18 March - The attempted assassination of William of Orange, leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule in which he loses the ability to speak through injury, and becomes known as William The Silent
22 August - James VI is captured by the English party while out hunting, and kept in captivity until June 1583
5 October - Gregorian Calendar is adopted by Catholic countries, and the 5 of October becomes the 15th
Other Events -
Plague in London
1583
20 December - John Somerville is executed for a plot to assassinate Elizabeth
Other Events -
The Irish rebellion is defeated
Ivan IV kills his son Ivan in a fit of rage
William of Orange accepts the sovereignty of the northern Netherlands
1584
18 March - Death of Ivan the terrible (Tsar of Russa)
9 June - Death of Francis, Duke of Alencon
10 July - Assassination of William of Orange
10 July - Francis Throgmorton is executed for conspiracy for a Spanish invasion of England
Other Events -
The Bond of association is formed, in which loyal subjects of the Queen pledge allegiance to her, and promise to avenge her murder if it takes place
Sir Walter Raleigh sales to Virginia
The Spanish Ambassador, Mendoza, is expelled from England
1585
29 June - Elizabeth again refuses sovereignty of the Netherlands
7 June - First English colony in America is established at Roanoke Island, Virginia
14 August - Elizabeth issues a declaration that she is taking the Netherlands under her protection
3 September - Treaty of Nonsuch
The English expedition to the Netherlands under the leadership of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. Start of the war with Spain as a result
1586
1 July - Treaty of Berwick, in which Elizabeth I and James VI forma league of amity
17 July - The Babington plot to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne is revealed by Francis Walsingham
20 September - Anthony Babington and fellow conspirators are executed
22 September - The battle of Zutphen
11-14 October - The trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, for her supposed complicity in the Babington plot
17 October - Sir Philip Sidney dies of wounds received in the battle
25 October - Sentence is pronounced against Mary Queen of Scots
12 December - King Stephen of Poland dies, and is succeeded by the son of the Swedish King, Sigismund
1587
1 February - Elizabeth signs the death warrant of Mary, Queen of Scots
8 February - Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots at Fotheringay
19 April - English attack Spanish fleet triumphantly at Cadiz
18 August - First English child to be born in North America, Virginia Dare, is born on Roanoke Island
1588
8 August -Defeat of the Spanish Armada
4 September - Death of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
4 April - Frederick II of Denmark dies, aged 53, and is succeeded by his 10 year old son, Christian IV
1589
5 January - Death of Catherine de Medici
13 April - Francis Drake and Sir John Norris lead a campaign to Portugal
31 July - Henry III of France is murdered
1590
6 April - Death of Sir Francis Walsingham
1591
Essex leads the English expedition to Brittany in an attempt to aid Henry IV
Increased severity against Recusants
20 November - Death of Sir Christopher Hatton
Trinity College is founded by Queen Elizabeth
1592
Clement VIII is now Pope
Plague in London
The Rose Theater is opened
1593
25 July - Henry IV changes religion to become a Catholic
Further measures taken against recusants
Plague in London
1 June - Christopher Marlowe is killed
Theaters are temporarily closed
1594
22 March - Henry IV crowned King of France
Other Events -
Beginning of a series of bad harvests
Cardinal William Allen dies
Frobisher dies
1595
2 February - Execution of English Jesuit, Robert Southwell
Raleigh's voyage to Guiana
6 January - Ottoman Sultan, Murad III dies and is succeeded by his son Mohammed III, who has his 19 brothers murdered
23 July - Spanish land in Cornwall and burn Penzance and Mousehole
1596
June/July - Essex's success at Cadiz
Death of Sir Francis Drake
1597
Unsuccessful expedition against the Spanish under the leadership of Essex
Second Spanish Armada is defeated by bad weather
1598
15 April - Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes which tolerates Protestants
4 August - Death of William Cecil
14 August - Irish forces defeat the English at the Yellow Ford on the Blackwater River
13 September - Deaths of Philip II of Spain . Succeeded by his son Philip III
Other Events -
End of the French Civil War
Publication of Love's Labour's Lost, the first play published under Shakespeare's name
1599
25 April - Birth of Oliver Cromwell, future Protector of England following the English Civil War of the seventeenth century
Other Events -
Expedition to France led by Essex
Essex is made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and sent there. He returns without the Queen's consent and is imprisoned
Death of Edward Spencer
Globe Theater in London is opened
1600
English East India Company is founded
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex tried for misdemeanors after his return from ireland and sentenced to lose his offices at court
5 October - Henry IV of France marries Marie de Medici
5 August - Gowrie Conspiracy in Scotland - James VI is seized by Lord Gowrie, but later rescued
1601
7-8 January - Essex Revolt against the Queen
19 February - Essex is tried for treason
25 February - Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, is executed
20 November - Queen Elizabeth delivers her "Golden Speech"
Other Events -
A force of 3,000 Spaniards arrive in Ireland to aid the Irish rebellion
1602
English Fleet capture Portuguese treasure ship
Epidemic of small pox
1603
24 March - Death of Elizabeth I. James VI of Scotland also becomes James I of England
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©2005 Heather Thomas - Visit her Website
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